![]() Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Rajamanoharan, K., 2009." Performance and emission characteristics of double cylinder CI engine operated with cardanol bio fuel blends," & Reddy, Rana Pratap & Murthy, Ch.S.N., 2012. " Performance, emission and combustion improvements in a direct injection diesel engine using cashew nut shell oil as fuel with camphor oil blending,"Įnergy, Elsevier, vol. " A study of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine using methyl ester of paradise oil-eucalyptus oil blends,"Īpplied Energy, Elsevier, vol. ![]() " Performance and emission evaluation of a CI engine fueled with preheated raw rapeseed oil (RRO)-diesel blends,"Īpplied Energy, Elsevier, vol. Smoke emission is 4.01 BSU for DEE30, 3.91 BSU for both CMPRO30 and BUTANO元0 which is lower compared to neat CNSO and CNSOME. Brake thermal efficiency increases to the maximum of 29.68% with DEE30 followed by CMPRO30 of 29.1% and BUTANO元0 of 28.4%. Among the various oxygenate, alcohol and vegetable oil blends, DEE30 blend (CNSO70% + Diethyl ether30%), BUTANO元0 blend (CNSO70% + Butanol30%) and CMPRO30 (CNSO70% + Camphor Oil 30%) has given better performance. ![]() Results proved that performance of neat CNSO is very low compared to diesel and CNSO methyl ester (CNSOME). Performance, emission and combustion characteristics were studied by operating the engine with cashew nut shell oil as base fuel blended with diesel and separately with other secondary fuels like oxygenates, alcohols and vegetable oils in various proportions by volume. CNSO was separately blended with oxygenates (diethyl ether and dimethyl carbonate), alcohols (ethanol, methanol and butanol) and vegetable oils (camphor oil, orange peel oil, cottonseed oil and coconut oil) in various proportions by volume. This can be done by blending with secondary fuels and transesterification of CNSO as well. This drawback can be overcome by reducing its viscosity. Neat CNSO (cashew nut shell oil) otherwise called as Neat CNSL (cashew nut shell liquid) is capable of running the engine but possesses high viscosity and density.
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